Islamic banking is a banking system that is based on the principles of islamic law sharia law and guided by islamic economics. Islamic economic system being a rule base system can be understood very well when viewed as a set of contracts. Financial intermediaries unit trusts cooperative societies leasing and factoring companies housing credit institutions. Supervisors must work together to encourage all banks to improve their risk. A new book titled islamic finance and the new financial system claims to have the answer. Since the early islamic states of the eighth and ninth centuries, islamic law also known as sharia always existed alongside other normative systems historically, sharia was interpreted by independent jurists, based on islamic scriptural sources and various legal methodologies. Principles of an islamic financial system the basic framework for an islamic financial system is a set of rules and laws, collectively referred to as shariah, governing economic, social, political, and cultural aspects of islamic societies.
The book explores the intricacies of islamic law and the religious and ethical principles underpinning islamic banking. Islamic law also forbids the payment or receipt of interest. The risk management infrastructure in islamic financial institutions needs to identify, unbundle, measure, control and monitor all the specific risks in the islamic financial transactions and instruments. Islamic financial institutions, and other participants from the international islamic banking and finance industry, worldwide. In malaysia, islamic and conventional banking systems coexist and operate in parallel. Definitions, sources, principles and methods abstract islamic finance is one of the most rapidly growing segments of the global financial system.
The concepts and principles of islamic finance dummies. Islams sharia law is cast from the words of muhammad, called hadith, his actions, called sunnah, and the quran, which he dictated. For example, islamic sharia prohibits what is called riba. Specifically, some of the practices found to be inconsistent with the ethics. Board, as well as disclosures about the special characteristics of the products offered.
The islamic financial services industry has developed from the early theoretical writings on interestfree finance in the 1940s1960s into the growing global establishment of islamic financial. The dfsa is a sharia systems regulator not a sharia regulator. A widely adopted rule of thumb in crystallisation theory is that better crystals can be obtained using programmed cooling. Ccording to some estimates, mo re than 100 financial institutions in over 45 countries.
Islamic finance is governed by the sharia islamic law, sourced from the quran and the sunnah. Click here to view earlier versions of islamic finance rulebook isfi. This is to ensure that the systems and controls will be. Dear seeker there are six main differences between islamic financial systems and conventional financial systems. Overview and policy concerns congressional research service 2 regulation of islamic finance financial institutions seeking to offer shariahcompliant products typically have a shariah supervisory board or at a minimum, a shariah counselor.
Islamic financial systems zamir iqbal islamic finance is emerging as a rapidly growing part of the financial sector in the islamic world. Section vi focuses on key macroeconomic and financial stability implications of islamic finance, discussing its role in the conduct of monetary and fiscal policies, as well as financial stability. Each hawala transaction takes place entirely on the honour system, and. Kabir hassan 1 islamic finance and the global financial crisis bilal rasul 119 checklistsinstruments 123 alternatives to riba in islamic finance 125 key islamic banking instruments and how they work 127 key principles of.
Some of the modes of islamic bankingfinance include mudarabah profitsharing and lossbearing, wadiah safekeeping, musharaka joint. The basic framework for an islamic financial system is a set of rules. A good rule of thumb would be to use colors based upon the. Ibank part 2 definitions background to this rulebook deleted. Islamic finance is a financial system that operates according to islamic law which is called sharia and is, therefore, shariacompliant. Article 121 of the uae constitution enabled the federation to create financial free zones in the emirates, and most importantly, to exclude the application of certain federal laws in these financial free zones. This closes the door to the concept of interest and precludes the use of. The basic framework for a financial system in islam is a set of laws and rules, collectively referred to as shariah, governing social, political, economic and cultural aspects of islamic. The growing importance of islamic finance in the global. This chapter from the book is reproduced with the consent of the publishers. The general definition of islamic banking or finance is that the banking or financial system that is abided by islamic financial rules or rules that are related to monetary issues. This book introduction to islamic rules of financial accounting addresses examples of the practical applications of the islamic rules in enterprise financial accounting. Nurul islam deputy managing director islami bank bangladesh limited. In these circumstances, unawareness and confusion exist as to the form of the islamic financial system and instruments.
With the growing importance of islamic banks and shariacompliant financial innovation, it will be increasingly important to ensure sound islamic financial institutions going forward. We present the basic understanding of the concept of ethics in financial systems as well as explore the. Therefore, this book provides the vital bridge between the legal foundation and the theory of economic and financial systems in islam. Islamic accounting ias plus ifrs, global financial. A number of laws created the difc and the necessary centre bodies, which include the dfsa. It then considers the analytical basis of islamic banking and financing in the light of modern theories of financial intermediation, and identifies the.
A core concept of islam is that allah is the owner of all wealth in the world. This is where the money lender has a fixed, inflating or floating amount of money on the money borrower. Islamic finance products, services and contracts wikipedia. It starts with the general concepts in the financial field, and then followed by a brief summary of other selected fields of management. Specific traits of islamic law in relation to economic and financial systems 27 just economy is part of a just, healthy, and moral society, which is the central objective of islam iqbal and mirakhor, 2011. The emergence and development of islamic banking umar oseni and m. Islamic financial systems international monetary fund. The sharia law itself cannot be altered but its interpretation, called fiqh, by muftis islamic jurists is given some latitude. However, despite the increasing importance of islamic finance, particularly in developing economies in the middle east and. Bans on both maisir and gharar tend to rule out derivatives, options and. Whats the difference between islamic finance system and. Shariah originates from the rules dictated by the quran and its practices, and expla. In this article, you discover some common categories of islamic financial products.
This forces credit to be either interestfree, or, more commonly, to take the form of a partnership or joint venture. It is however a growing series of financial products developed to meet the requirements of a specific group of people. The book presents new and compelling evidence that private capital flows have. It was not always apparent to what extent those standards and local requirements were consistent with ifrs. Global finance has learned many lessons from the financial crisis of 2008, but its future is. See for example, islamic financial rules of dubai financial services authority. The basic framework for islamic finance is a set of rules and laws, collectively referred to. This is a good rule of thumb, and the first principle we use in evaluating potential home remedies. Designated non financial business and professions module dnf ver10611 enforcement enf fees fer fund protocol rules fpr general gen glossary glo islamic finance rules ifr islamic financial business module isf markets rules mkt offered securities osr price stabilisation module prs prudential insurance business pin. It has been variously described as a science and the art of justice. It may be characterized by the absence of interest based financial institution and transactions, doubtful transactions or gharar, stocks of companies dealing in unlawful activities. Building an islamic financial information system based on. Islamic finance is a financial system that operates according to islamic law.
However, these entities are governed both by islamic law and the finance industry rules and regulations that. Law is commonly understood as a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate conduct, although its precise definition is a matter of longstanding debate. We outline the main rules that all shariacompliant financial products have to adhere to. This bridge helps the reader better understand islamic finance. Accounting standards for financial reporting by islamic financial institutions have to be developed because in some cases islamic financial institutions encounter accounting problems due to existing accounting standards such as ifrss or local gaap being developed based on conventional institutions, conventional product structures or practices, and may be perceived to be. Hans vissers book is a clear, concise and wellorganized introduction to islamic finance.
Financial reporting of islamic financial transactions is still a subject of unsettled debate among the accountants, auditors and industry observers of islamic financial institutions ifis. The controversies surrounding many islamic financial contracts are explained in a refreshingly objective manner. Islamic finance financial definition of islamic finance. The ethical perspective on the practices of islamic banking. It lacks the required extent and level of theories and models needed for expansion and implementation of the framework provided by islam. In practice, a product can be developed to serve many purposes not only to satisfy social justice demands. Financial reporting framework for islamic financial institutions 14 many of the financial statements asserted compliance with ifrsbased accounting standards and other local financial reporting requirements. The islamic financial services industry has developed from early theoretical writings om interestfree finance in the 1940s 1960s into the growing global establishment of islamic. This paper analyzes the ethical issues in the practices of islamic banking. Section v provides a brief comparison between islamic and conventional financial systems. Islamic finance forbids investment in industries considered sinful, notably alcohol, pornography and armaments.
Islamic financial products in the modern islamic banking and finance industry. Islamic banking, also known as noninterest banking, is a banking system that is based on the principles of islamic or sharia law and guided by islamic economics. Once you understand the differences and their implications, you will understand why islamic finance is being adopted by non muslim cou. A financial system is the system that covers financial transactions and the exchange of money between investors, lender and borrowers. In particular, islamic law prohibits usury, the collection and payment of interest, also. To be consistent with the principles of islamic law shariah or at least an.
The chapters that follow describe the manner in which islamic, or shariahcompliant, finance is practised in various jurisdictions throughout the world. Conventional finance includes elements interest and risk which are prohibited under shariah law. Beginners guide to islamic finance financial times. Building an islamic financial information system based on policy. Islamic financial companies have developed many different products to meet customer needs and provide shariacompliant alternatives to widely available conventional options. Muslim traders are known to have used the cheque or. No responsibility is accepted to any person who acts or refrains. Corporate governance, as defined by the european central bank and used by the. With the help of bank of london and middle east we outline the rules that all shariacompliant financial. See the islamic finance rules module of the dfsa rulebook ifr click here. The range of financial transactions that conform to the sharia, or islamic law.
Islamic financial institutions are those that are based, in their objectives and operations, on qurans principles principles of the muslims holy book. As a legal system, the sharia law is exceptionally broad. His book, 100% money, was an attempt to win support among academics and. Islamic finance is not restricted to islamic countries, but is spreading wherever there is a sizable muslim community. Islamic financial products and their challenge to taxation systems c mohammed amin 2010. Banking or banking activity that complies with sharia islamic lawknown as islamic banking. An ethical approach to preventing future financial crises. Specific traits of islamic law in relation to economic and.
Islamic finance is an old concept but a very young discipline in the academic sense. Introduction a financial system that is based on islamic principles and values, which eliminates riba and ensure a profit sharing mechanism in the financial system. Just like conventional financial systems, islamic finance features banks, capital markets, fund managers, investment firms, and insurance companies. Aaoifi has gained assuring support for the implementation of its standards, which are now adopted in the kingdom of bahrain, dubai international financial centre, jordan, lebanon, qatar, sudan and syria. This second edition not only updates the original work, but provides a much more detailed treatment of the forms of islamic finance. The paper also dwells upon issues of contention involving certain disputed sale contracts, such as bay al inah sale and buy back and bay al dayn sale of debts, which have divided the islamic scholarly community on the basis of differences in opinions. Developments in islamic finance have taken place to allow. The islamic financial system is not much different from the products and services in the traditional financial system but it operations are essentially based on a certain set of moral and ethical principles that determined what is viewed as morally right implying actions and transactions that promote public good, and wrong implying actions and transactions likely to be against the. Islamic finance is a method of financing and banking operations that abides by sharia law. Islamic finance, despite its name, is not a religious product. In the modern era, statutes inspired by european codes replaced traditional laws in most parts of the muslim. Introduction to islamic rules of financial accounting.
Financial reporting by islamic financial institutions. The term islamic banking refers to a system of banking or banking activity that is consistent with islamic law sharia principles and guided by islamic economics. Stateenforced laws can be made by a collective legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes, by the. The last section presents conclusions and recommendations. Later in his book introduction to islamic finance, he argues that islamic.